1. Number and Operations
Counting with Number Words
Thinking Addition Means "Join Together" and Subtraction Means "Take Away"
Renaming and Regrouping When Adding and Subtracting Two-Digit Numbers
Misapplying Addition and Subtraction Strategies to Multiplication and Division
Understanding the Division Algorithm
Adding and Subtracting Fractions
Representing, Ordering, and Adding/Subtracting Decimals
2. Algebra
Understanding Patterns
Meaning of Equals
Identifying Functional Relationships
Interpreting Variables
Algebraic Representations
3. Geometry
Categorizing Two-Dimensional Shapes
Naming Three-Dimensional Figures
Navigating Coordinate Geometry
Applying Reflection
Solving Spatial Problems
4. Measurement
Reading and Analog Clock
Determining the Value of Coins
Units Versus Numbers
Distinguishing Between Area and Perimeter
Overgeneralizing Base-Ten Renaming
5. Data Analysis and Probability
Sorting and Classifying
Choosing and Appropriate Display
Understanding Terms for Measures of Central Tendency
Analyzing Data
Probability
6. Assessing Children's Mathematical Progress
Assessment: The Received View
Assessment from a Better Angle
Types of Formative Assessments
Why Assess?
Final Thoughts